Patterns of Area Sensitivity in Grassland-Nesting Birds

نویسندگان

  • MAIKEN WINTER
  • JOHN FAABORG
چکیده

Between 1995 and 1997, we studied breeding birds in fragments of native tallgrass prairie in southwestern Missouri to determine the effect of habitat fragmentation on grassland bird populations. Data on density and nesting success collected in 13 prairie fragments of various sizes revealed three levels of area sensitivity. The most area-sensitive species, Greater Prairie-Chicken ( Tympanuchus cupido ), was absent from small prairie fragments. An intermediate form of area sensitivity was apparent in only one species, Henslow’s Sparrow ( Ammodramus henslowii ), which occurred in lower densities in small than in large prairie fragments. Based on census (i.e., distributional) data, only those two species were area-sensitive (i.e., negatively affected by habitat fragmentation) in southwestern Missouri. A species can be sensitive not only on a distributional level, however, but also by having lower nesting success in small than in large prairie fragments. The Dickcissel ( Spiza americana ) was the only species that was area-sensitive on such a demographic level. These data indicate that we cannot rely solely on census data to describe the sensitivity of grasslandnesting species to habitat fragmentation, but that we also need to investigate demographic data (e.g., nesting success). Whereas it has previously been shown that density measures of forest-nesting birds do not reliably reflect nesting success in habitat fragments of various sizes, ours is the first study that describes this pattern for grassland-nesting species. Patrones de Sensitividad de Area en Aves que Nidan en Pastizales Resumen: Entre 1995 y 1997 estudiamos aves anidando en fragmentos de praderas de pastos altos nativos en el Suroeste de Missouri para determinar el efecto de la fragmentación del hábitat en poblaciones de aves de pastizal. Los datos de densidad y éxito de nidada colectados en 13 fragmentos de pradera de varios tamaños revela tres niveles de senstividad de área. Las especies más sensitivas al área, la gallineta de pradera ( Tympanuchus cupido ), estuvo ausente de los fragmentos de pradera pequeños. Una forma intermedia de sensitividad de área fue aparente en solo una especie, la paloma de Henslow ( Ammodramus henslowii ), la cual presentó densidades mas bajas en fragmentos pequeños de pradera que en los fragmentos grandes. En base a datos de censos (i.e., distribucionales), solo estas dos especies fueron sensitivas al área (i.e., afectadas negativamente por la fragmentación del hábitat) en el Suroeste de Missouri. Una especie puede ser sensitiva no solamente a nivel distribucional, sino tambien al tener un éxito de nidación mas bajo en los fragmentos pequeños de pradera que en los grandes. Spiza americana fue la única especie que fue sensitiva al área a nivel demográfico. Estos datos indican que no podemos basarnos únicamente en datos de censos para describir la sensibilidad a la fragmentación del hábitat de las especies que nidan en pastizales, sino que también debemos investigar los datos demográficos (e.g., éxito de nidación). Se ha demostrado que las mediciones de densidad de aves que nidan en bosques no reflejan de una manera confiable el éxito de nidación en fragmentos de hábitat de varios tamaños, nuestro estudio es el primero que describe este patrón en especies que nidan en pastizales. * Current address: 611 Winston Court, Apartment 4, Ithaca, NY 14850–1953, U.S.A., email [email protected] Paper submitted August 28, 1998; revised manuscript accepted March 3, 1999.

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تاریخ انتشار 1999